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+<H2><A NAME="s3">3.</A> <A HREF="installation_en.html#toc3">Setting up the AX25 Utilities</A></H2>
+
+<P>The aim of this section is not to fully cover the installation
+and configuration of all the possible ax25 modules. I will
+attempt to cover a simple installation and configure 2 serial
+ports as if they had TNC's on them. I will also show what
+additional configuration the DXSpider program requires.</P>
+
+<P>Please bear in mind that I am basing this section on a RedHat
+7.1 distribution, if you are using SuSe or any other distibution
+then your mileage may vary. I will be happy to make any changes
+and additions if you email me any errors or distribution specific
+requirements.</P>
+
+<P>You would probably benefit from reading the
+<A HREF="http://www.fokus.gmd.de/linux/HOWTO/html_single/AX25-HOWTO.html#AEN151">AX25-HOWTO</A> which is much more
+comprehensive and an interesting configuration program is also available
+called
+<A HREF="http://1409.org/projects/index.html">ax25-config</A> which
+may help you to configure things.</P>
+
+<P>The following files are extracts from the working files at GB7MBC and
+are in daily use. However, there are many ways that you can configure the
+ax25 utils, this is just the one I use, it does not mean it is necessarily
+the best or for that matter, the right way!</P>
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss3.1">3.1</A> <A HREF="installation_en.html#toc3.1">Getting Started</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>There are 2 things you need to do initially. You need to get the
+3 files required for the ax25 installation and you need to make
+some changes to the kernel configuration.</P>
+
+<P>The first thing is to get the versions of the ax25 utils that match
+your kernel. You may also wish to get a node package of some kind.
+There are 2 main node packages in use of which I shall keep to the
+original by Tomi Manninen, OH2BNS as this is included in the ax25
+rpms as standard. The other is
+<A HREF="ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/ham/packet/linux/awznode/">AWZNode</A> by IZ5AWZ.</P>
+
+<P>NB: The AX25 stuff in 2.4 kernels appears to have been broken until 2.4.18. I
+strongly suggest you get at least this kernel.</P>
+
+<P>For 2.4 kernels you need these files...</P>
+
+<P>
+<UL>
+<LI>
+<A HREF="ftp://ftp.rpmfind.net/linux/redhat/7.1/en/powertools/i386/RedHat/RPMS/libax25-0.0.7-7.i386.rpm">libax25-0.0.7-7.i386.rpm</A></LI>
+<LI>
+<A HREF="ftp://ftp.rpmfind.net/linux/redhat/7.1/en/powertools/i386/RedHat/RPMS/ax25-tools-0.0.6-13.i386.rpm">ax25-tools-0.0.6-13.i386.rpm</A></LI>
+<LI>
+<A HREF="ftp://ftp.rpmfind.net/linux/redhat/7.1/en/powertools/i386/RedHat/RPMS/ax25-apps-0.0.4-9.i386.rpm">ax25-apps-0.0.4-9.i386.rpm</A></LI>
+</UL>
+</P>
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss3.2">3.2</A> <A HREF="installation_en.html#toc3.2">The kernel</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>First you need to add Amateur Radio Support to your kernel. This is
+a main menu item and should be easily found. Within this header you
+will find lots of options. For our purposes you need to enable
+Amateur Radio AX.25 Level 2 Protocol, NET/ROM and the Serial Port
+KISS Driver. For the purposes of this document I will work under the
+assumption that you include them in the kernel fully, ie not as modules.
+If you need to look at compiling your kernel for ax25 more fully, I would
+refer to the excellent
+<A HREF="http://www.fokus.gmd.de/linux/HOWTO/html_single/AX25-HOWTO.html#AEN151">AX25-HOWTO</A></P>
+
+<P>I should say at this stage that NET/ROM is not mandatory. If you do not use it
+simply ignore any instruction concerning it.</P>
+
+<P>Now recompile your kernel in the normal way and reboot your system.</P>
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss3.3">3.3</A> <A HREF="installation_en.html#toc3.3">Installing the RPM's</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>Now install the RPM's you downloaded, libax25 first, then ax25-tools,
+then ax25-apps.</P>
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+rpm -ivh libax25-0.0.7-7.i386.rpm
+rpm -ivh ax25-tool-0.0.6-13.i386.rpm
+rpm -ivh ax25-apps-0.0.4-9.i386.rpm
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+</P>
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss3.4">3.4</A> <A HREF="installation_en.html#toc3.4">Configuration</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>You will find the configuration files in /etc/ax25. These consist of
+several files ...</P>
+<P>
+<UL>
+<LI>axports</LI>
+<LI>nrports</LI>
+<LI>nrbroadcast</LI>
+<LI>ax25d.conf</LI>
+<LI>node.conf</LI>
+</UL>
+</P>
+
+<P>These are the main files. You will find other files but they do not
+have any use unless you are wanting to use that particular protocol,
+Rose or axip for example.</P>
+
+<P>NOTE:- before we start it is important to realise that every interface
+requires a different SSID. You should be able to follow this in the
+following examples.</P>
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss3.5">3.5</A> <A HREF="installation_en.html#toc3.5">axports</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>This file sets up the ax25 ports you want to use. An example is below
+for a standard TNC2 ...</P>
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+#portname callsign baudrate paclen window description
+ 2m gb7mbc-2 19200 256 2 2m port on 144.900MHz
+ 4m gb7mbc-4 19200 256 2 4m port on 70.325MHz
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+</P>
+
+<P>Note that the portnames have to be unique.</P>
+
+<P>The file headings are as follows ...</P>
+<P>
+<PRE>
+portname - The name you will refer to the port by
+callsign - The ax25 callsign you want to assign to the port
+baudrate - The speed you communicate between TNC and computer
+paclen - The maximum packet length for ax25 connections
+window - The ax25 window parameter. This is like 'maxframe'
+description - A textual description of the port
+</PRE>
+</P>
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss3.6">3.6</A> <A HREF="installation_en.html#toc3.6">nrports</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>This file sets up the netrom ports you want to use. An example is below
+and includes a port for both cluster and node. You will see why we need
+2 ports later ...</P>
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+#portname callsign alias paclen description
+ netrom gb7mbc-8 BARE 236 Node Netrom Port
+ netrom2 gb7mbc-9 MBCDX 236 Cluster Netrom Port
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+</P>
+
+<P>Note that the portnames have to be unique.</P>
+
+<P>The file headings are as follows ...</P>
+<P>
+<PRE>
+portname - The name you will refer to the port by
+callsign - This is the callsign that NET/ROM traffic from this
+ port will use
+alias - The NET/ROM alias this port will be assigned
+paclen - The maximum size of NET/ROM frames transmitted
+description - A textual description of the port
+</PRE>
+</P>
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss3.7">3.7</A> <A HREF="installation_en.html#toc3.7">nrbroadcast</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>This file sets up the netrom broadcast qualities. An example is below ...</P>
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+#axport min_obs def_qual worst_qual verbose
+ 4m 5 10 100 1
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+</P>
+
+<P>The file headings are as follows ...</P>
+<P>
+<PRE>
+axport - The port name in axports that you wish to broadcast
+ NET/ROM on.
+min_obs - The minimum obsolescence value for the port
+def_qual - The default quality for the port
+worst_qual - The worst quality for the port. Any routes under
+ this quality will be ignored
+verbose - This flag determines whether you will only broadcast
+ your own node (0) or all known nodes (1)
+</PRE>
+</P>
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss3.8">3.8</A> <A HREF="installation_en.html#toc3.8">ax25d.conf</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>This file controls any incoming ax25 and NET/ROM connections and steers
+them to the relevant program. There are lots of configuration options
+you can set here, however they are well covered in the AX25-HOWTO. For
+our purposes I will show a typical set of parameters. An example is
+below ...</P>
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+[gb7mbc-0 via 2m]
+parameters 2 1 6 900 * 15 0
+NOCALL * * * * * * L
+default * * * * * * - sysop /spider/src/client client %u ax25
+
+[gb7mbc-1 via 2m]
+parameters 2 1 6 900 * 15 0
+NOCALL * * * * * * L
+default * * * * * * 0 root /usr/sbin/node node
+
+[gb7mbc-0 via 4m]
+parameters 2 1 6 900 * 15 0
+NOCALL * * * * * * L
+default * * * * * * - sysop /spider/src/client client %u ax25
+
+[gb7mbc-1 via 4m]
+parameters 2 1 6 900 * 15 0
+NOCALL * * * * * * L
+default * * * * * * 0 root /usr/sbin/node node
+
+<netrom2>
+parameters 1 10 * * * 3 *
+NOCALL * * * * * * L
+default * * * * * * - sysop /spider/src/client client %u ax25
+
+<netrom>
+parameters 1 10 * * * 3 *
+NOCALL * * * * * * L
+default * * * * * * 0 root /usr/sbin/node node
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+</P>
+
+<P>There are a few things to take note of here. Firstly, all ax25
+sections are wrapped in [ ] and all NET/ROM sections are wrapped in
+< >. Secondly you should be able to see that anyone who forgets to
+set their callsign in a TNC and tries to connect with the standard
+NOCALL set into their TNC will not connect, the 'L' means 'lockout'.
+Lastly and importantly, notice the order of the sections. They are
+all done in interface order.</P>
+
+<P>You should be able to see that the normal line for access to the
+cluster is like this ..</P>
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+default * * * * * * - sysop /spider/src/client client %u ax25
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+</P>
+
+<P>however, if you wish your users to be able to use SSID's on their callsigns ..</P>
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+default * * * * * * - sysop /spider/src/client client %s ax25
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+</P>
+
+<P>For most purposes this is not desirable. The only time you probably will
+need this is when you need to allow other cluster nodes that are using SSID's
+in. In this case it would probably be better to use the first example and
+then add a specific line for that node like this:</P>
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+GB7DJK-2 * * * * * * - sysop /spider/src/client client gb7djk-2 ax25
+default * * * * * * - sysop /spider/src/client client %u ax25
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+</P>
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss3.9">3.9</A> <A HREF="installation_en.html#toc3.9">node.conf</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>For those of you that wish to run the node, you need to set up the
+node.conf file. There are a couple of additional files, node.perms is
+very similar to the way ftp permissions are set up in NOS systems and
+node.motd is the message anyone logging into the node will get.
+The node.conf file sets all the parameters of the node as you would
+expect. An example is below ...</P>
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+# /etc/ax25/node.conf - LinuxNode configuration file
+#
+# see node.conf(5)
+
+# Idle timeout (seconds).
+#
+IdleTimeout 1800
+
+# Timeout when gatewaying (seconds).
+#
+ConnTimeout 40000
+
+# Visible hostname. Will be shown at telnet login.
+#
+HostName gb7mbc.ampr.org
+
+# ReConnect flag.
+#
+ReConnect off
+
+# "Local" network.
+#
+#LocalNet 44.139.8.48/32
+
+# Command aliases. See node.conf(5) for the meaning of the uppercase
+# letters in the name of the alias.
+#
+##Alias CAllbook 'telnet %{2:44.17.0.53} 1235 %1 s'
+#Alias CONVers 'telnet %{2:oh2ti} 3600 "/n %u %{1:139}\n/w *"'
+#Alias CLuster 'c hkiclh'
+Alias CONV "telnet lurpac 3600"
+Alias BBS "c 70cm gb7crv"
+Alias DXC "telnet localhost 9000"
+Alias MUD "telnet homer 4000"
+##Alias TEMP "finger temp@mary.g6phf"
+##Alias TNOS "c ip1 gb7mbc-5"
+##Alias TUtor "telnet gb7mbc 3599"
+
+# Hidden ports.
+#
+#HiddenPorts 2
+
+# External commands. See node.conf(5) for the meaning of the uppercase
+# letters in the name of the extcmd.
+#
+# Flags: 1 Run command through pipe
+# 2 Reconnected flag
+#
+#ExtCmd TPM 3 nobody /usr/bin/finger finger tpm
+#ExtCmd ECho 1 nobody /bin/echo echo \%U \%u \%S \%s \%P \%p \%R \%r \%T \%t \%\% \%0 \%{1:foobar} \%{2} \%3 \%4 \%5
+
+# Node ID.
+#
+NodeId "\nBARE:GB7MBC-1"
+#NodeId \033[01;31m***\033[0m
+
+# Netrom port name. This port is used for outgoing netrom connects.
+#
+NrPort netrom
+
+# Logging level
+#
+LogLevel 3
+
+# The escape character (CTRL-T)
+#
+EscapeChar ^T
+
+# Resolve ip numbers to addresses?
+#
+ResolveAddrs off
+
+# Node prompt.
+#
+#NodePrompt "\n"
+#NodePrompt "%s@%h \%i> "
+NodePrompt "\nBARE:GB7MBC-1 \%i > "
+#NodePrompt "\a\033[36m%U\033[0m de \033[01;32m#LNODE\033[0m:\033[01;33mOH2BNS-10\033[0m> "
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+</P>
+
+<P>This should be fairly obvious I hope.</P>
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss3.10">3.10</A> <A HREF="installation_en.html#toc3.10">Getting it all running</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>Ok, now we have all the relevant files configured, the next step is to get
+it all running.</P>
+
+<P>The first thing to do is attach the TNC's. Your TNC's should be in KISS mode
+and connected to the serial ports involved.</P>
+
+<P>You now use the 'kissattach' command to connect the TNC's to the system like this ...</P>
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+kissattach /dev/ttyS0 2m 44.131.96.199
+kissattach /dev/ttyS1 4m 44.131.96.199
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+</P>
+
+<P>Assuming that 44.131.96.199 is your IP address. The devices ttyS0 and ttyS1 are com1 and
+com2 respectively. Now we can set some parameters ...</P>
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+kissparms -p 2m -t 150 -l 150 -s 50 -r 50
+kissparms -p 4m -t 150 -l 150 -s 50 -r 50
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+</P>
+
+<P>The command 'man kissparms' will give you the explanation of the switches.</P>
+
+<P>Now we need to attach the NET/ROM ports in the same way ...</P>
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+nrattach netrom
+nrattach netrom2
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+</P>
+
+<P>All of the above can be put in a file and called from /etc/rc.d/rc.local. Put all
+the above commands in a file called rc.ax25 and put a line in rc.local to call it.</P>
+
+<P>Now you can start the daemons that set everything in motion ...</P>
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+ax25d
+netromd -i
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+</P>
+
+<P>All should now be running. All that remains is to get the node working for telnet
+connections. If nothing else, this will allow you to connect to the node yourself
+to check on connection status etc. There are 2 files that need to be edited.</P>
+
+<P>First edit /etc/services and add</P>
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+node 3000/tcp #OH2BNS's Node Software
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+</P>
+
+<P>Assuming you want it to run on port 3000</P>
+
+<P>Now cd /etc/xinetd.d and edit a new file called node. It should look like this ...</P>
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+# default: on
+# unencrypted username/password pairs for authentication.
+service node
+{
+ socket_type = stream
+ wait = no
+ user = root
+ server = /usr/sbin/node
+ log_on_failure += USERID
+ disable = no
+}
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+</P>
+
+<P>You now need to restart the xinetd daemon. First find out what the PID is
+like so ..</P>
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+ps auxw |grep xinetd
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+</P>
+
+<P>You will get a reply something like this ...</P>
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+root 592 0.0 0.1 2256 620 ? S Feb07 0:00 xinetd -stayalive -reuse -pidfile /var/run/xinetd.pid
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+</P>
+
+<P>The PID or Process ID is 592 in this case so now we can issue the command ...</P>
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+kill -HUP 592
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+</P>
+
+<P>All should now be operational and you should be able to log into the node by
+using a telnet session to the relevant port, like so ...</P>
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+telnet localhost 3000
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+</P>
+
+<P>If that works, you are just about there. you should (assuming you have radios connected
+to the TNC's) be able to connect out to other stations and receive incoming ax25 and
+netrom connections.</P>
+
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